Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by the prostate gland. The PSA blood test measures the level of this protein in the blood. It is often used as a screening test for prostate cancer, a common cancer that affects men.
What is Prostate Cancer?
Prostate cancer is a cancer that develops in the prostate gland, which is a small gland located in the male reproductive system. Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men after skin cancer. It usually develops slowly and may not cause any symptoms in the early stages. As a result, screening tests such as the PSA blood test are important in detecting prostate cancer early.
What is the PSA Blood Test?
The PSA blood test is a simple blood test that measures the level of PSA protein in the blood. The test is often done as part of a routine physical exam for men over 50 years old or for men who are at a higher risk of developing prostate cancer. It may also be done if a man has symptoms that may be related to prostate cancer.
The PSA blood test is also used to monitor patients after treatment for prostate cancer to assess the response to treatment.
How is the PSA Blood Test Done?
The PSA blood test is a simple procedure that involves drawing blood from a vein in the arm. The blood sample is then sent to a laboratory for analysis. The results are usually available within a few days.
What do the Results Mean?
A high level of PSA in the blood does not necessarily mean that a man has prostate cancer. Other factors, such as an enlarged prostate or an infection, can also cause an increase in PSA levels. However, a high PSA level may indicate the need for further testing to determine the cause of the high PSA levels.
If prostate cancer is suspected, additional tests such as a digital rectal exam (DRE), Multiparametric MRI scan or a prostate biopsy may be done to confirm the diagnosis.
Are There any Risks or Complications Associated with the PSA Blood Test?
The PSA blood test is a safe and simple procedure. However, there are some risks and limitations associated with the test. False-positive results, where a high PSA level is detected, but there is no cancer present, can lead to unnecessary anxiety and further testing. False-negative results, where a low PSA level is detected, but cancer is present, can also occur. In addition, some men with prostate cancer may have normal PSA levels, which means that the test may not detect all cases of prostate cancer.
Conclusion
The PSA blood test is a simple and effective screening test for prostate cancer. It is recommended that men over the age of 50 or those who are at higher risk of developing prostate cancer should discuss the benefits and risks of PSA testing with their GP. If prostate cancer is suspected, further testing may be needed to confirm the diagnosis.
Consultant Urological Surgeon
The Pelvic Specialists